Number of found records: 31
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ANDERSON, James D., PEREZ-CARBALLO, José |
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The nature of indexing: how humans and machines analyze messages and texts for retrieval. Part I |
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Information Processing and Management, 2001, vol.7, n.2, pp.231-254 |
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Does human intellectual indexing have a continuing role to play in the face of increasingly sophisticated automatic indexing techniques? In this two-part essay, a computer scientist and long-time TREC participant (Pérez-Carballo) and a practitioner and teacher of human cataloging and indexing (Anderson) pursue this question by reviewing the opinions and research of leading experts on both sides of this divide. We conclude that human analysis should be used on a much more selective basis, and we offer suggestions on how these two types of indexing might be allocated to best advantage. Part one of the essay critiques the comparative research, then explores the nature of human analysis of messages or texts and efforts to formulate rules to make human practice more rigorous and predictable. We find that research comparing human vs automatic approaches has done little to change strongly held beliefs, in large part because many associated variables have not been isolated or controlled. Part II focuses on current methods in automatic indexing, its gradual adoption by major indexing and abstracting services, and ways for allocating human and machine approaches. Overall, we conclude that both approaches to indexing have been found to be effective by researchers and searchers, each with particular advantages and disadvantages. However automatic indexing has the over-arching advantage of decreasing cost, as human indexing becomes ever more expensive. (AU) |
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Human indexing; Automatic indexing; Cognitive view; |
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Cognitive Science Society |
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Cognitive Science Society |
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On line ( 15/06/2004) |
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The Cognitive Science Society brings together researchers from many fields who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The Society promotes scientific interchange among researchers in disciplines comprising the field of Cognitive Science, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education. The Society is a non-profit professional organization, and its main activities are sponsoring an annual conference, publishing the journal Cognitive Science, and promoting research interactions across traditional disciplinary boundaries. The Society was incorporated as a non-profit professional organization in Massachusetts in 1979. The organizing committee included Roger Schank, Allan Collins, Donald Norman, and a number of other scholars from psychology, linguistics, computer science, and philosophy. The annual proceedings of the Cognitive Science Conference represent a major source of information on new work and new ideas in the scientific study of thinking. The Journal Cognitive Science began publication in 1976, and is now published by Elsevier Science Inc. (Web) |
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Cognitive Science; Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Psychology |
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IRCS |
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IRCS. Institute for Research in Cognitive Science |
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University of Pennsylvania, 1998 |
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On line ( 15/06/2004) |
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The Institute for Research in Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania fosters the development of a science of the human mind through the interaction of investigators from the disciplines of Linguistics, Mathematical Logic, Philosophy, Psychology, Computer Science, and Neuroscience. IRCS's programs directly impact such technologies as graphics and animation, robotics and computer vision, spoken and written natural language interfaces, machine translation, information extraction systems, software development, and bioinformatics. Research at IRCS is structured under three inter-related scientific foci: Language Acquisition, Structure, and Processing, Logic and Computation, and Perception and Action. (Web) |
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Cognitive Science; Linguistics; Mathematical Logic; Philosophy; Psychology; Computer Science |
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NEWBY, Gregory B. |
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Cognitive space and information space |
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Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2001, vol.52, nº 12, p. 1026-1048. |
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On line (06/05/2005) |
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This article works towards realization of exosomatic memory for information systems. In exosomatic memory systems, the information spaces of systems will be consistent with the cognitive spaces of their human users. A method for measuring concept relations in human cognitive space is presented: the paired comparison survey with Principal Components Analysis. A study to measure the cognitive spaces of 16 research participants is presented. Items measured include relations among seven TREC topic statements as well as 17 concepts from the topic statements. A method for automatically generating information spaces from document collections is presented that uses term cooccurrence, eigensystems analysis, and Principal Components Analysis. The extent of similarity between the cognitive spaces and the information spaces, which were derived independently from each other, is measured. A strong similarity between the information spaces and the cognitive spaces are found, indicating that the methods described may have good utility for working towards information systems that operate as exosomatic memories. (AU) |
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exosomatic memory systems; cognitive paradigm; knowledge representation; information systems; information search and retrieval; user interfaces |
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